Endotoxins in Research Peptides: Testing & Results Explained

What Are Endotoxins? Endotoxins are a class of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecules that form an integral part of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria — including common species such as *Escherichia coli*, *Pseudomonas aeruginosa*, and *Salmonella* spp. In the context of research peptides, endotoxins represent one of the most important — and most frequently misunderstood — quality indicators on a Certificate of Analysis (COA). Unlike peptide purity, which is measured by HPLC, endotoxin con

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